The Red Badge Of Courage And The Works Of Walt Whitman

To understand and compare the realism between Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage and the works of Walt Whitman, one must first examine the meaning of realism. In literature, realism can be defined as the writer’s attempt to create a picture through concise language and descriptive scenes. Essentially, a reader should walk away from the book feeling as though they lived the events with the characters, much like one might experience in a well produced movie. There may not always be moral values included in the text, but it is safe to say that a writer’s opinions, thoughts, and beliefs will appear in their work. Both Crane and Whitman exemplify the skillfulness of realism. Their approaches, however, are both unique but different, since one actually experienced war first-hand, while the other simply read about it in the history books. Scholars, soldiers, and the like have praised Stephen Crane for his accurate depiction of war in The Red Badge of Courage. Having never fought in a war himself, Crane displays a remarkable talent for reproducing precise images, through words, of the sights, smells, and the overall psychological duress of the battlefield. All of this turmoil is witnessed through the eyes of Henry, a young man who enlisted to fight as a Union solider during the American Civil War. Henry joins the army with a romanticized notion of war. â€Å"He had, of course, dreamed of battles all his life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crane describes, and â€Å"in visions he had seen himself in many struggles†Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem, I, Too1193 Words   |  5 Pagesit. A union is â€Å"an organized group of workers who collectively use their strength to have a voice in their workplace.† Through a union, workers are able to force wages, work hours, benefits from the job, workplace health an d safety, and other work-related issues. The union main issue was the working conditions and the hours of work that they were required to do. They wanted â€Å"a way to force management to change what they see as dangerous working conditions or overly long hours.† So they formed â€Å"unionsRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagescause of independence,, and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence. Practical yet idealistic, hard working and enormously successful. the Scottish philosopher David Hume called him Americas first great man of letters†. Major Works Franklin’s place in literature owes much to his almanac and autobiography: Poor Richard’s Almanac (1732) ï ¼Ë†Ã§ © ·Ã§ â€ Ã¦Å¸ ¥Ã¦   ¼Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¥Å½â€ Ã¤ ¹ ¦Ã¯ ¼â€° Published from 1732 to 1758 under the name of Richard Saunders Full of proverbs which teach people thrift, carefulness, and independence Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesAny literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then

Plain And Simple, We Need Heat - 1599 Words

Plain and simple, we need heat! Heat is a very important part of human life and almost everything around us generates, absorbs, and/or transfers heat. Just to mention a few examples, our bodies generate heat and it increases when we exercise, during the winter we use electricity to power the radiators that will keep us warm, we use heat to warm up our foods, we also get heat from the Sun. As one can see, heat is all around us and we need it, but many of us do not even know what the proper definition for heat is or how or why it even transfers. Therefore, this paper will focus on giving answers to questions that might be though to be simple but there is a whole scientific explanation behind them such as what is heat? How does it transfer? What are some examples of those heat transmission forms? What is Heat? Before writing the paper, I ask both my sister and husband the above question. They both pretty much gave me the same answer which was heat is something warm or hot, and to be honest that would have been my answer 3 or 4 weeks ago. However, the scientifically defined heat is â€Å"the transfer of energy between a system and its environment due to a temperature difference between them† (SerwayVuille, 2012). Energy is always transferred from an object with higher temperature to one with lower temperature, and this transference of energy as heat will continue until both of the objects have reached the same temperature. An easy example that most physics books and professorsShow MoreRelatedRunning Machines For A Machine Shop1611 Words   |  7 Pageschoices. Everything about running machines is about choosing from the many ways of doing it. There is definitely â€Å"more than one way to skin a cat† when working in a machine shop. For example, think about one of the most simple machine tools, the tried and true Bridgeport knee mill. We have all used one, maybe for 5 minutes to clean an edge or for multiple days building intricate parts. Either way, you may not have noticed all the choices you had when setting up and running the machine. Just to cleanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Stranger By Albert Camus1526 Words   |  7 Pagesrather he only went to her funeral because he was excited to get away from his job. Marie Cardona, Meursault s girlfriend, pronounced her love for him as she asked his hand in marriage, and he replied, â€Å"it didn’t make any difference to me and that we could if she wanted to† (41). Lastly, not only did Meursault help Raymond lure his mistress back to him by writing a letter, but also he stood by and watched Raymond beat her senselessly and even defended him in court. Part E: Stereotypes Arabs areRead MoreNight Market Marketing Essay833 Words   |  4 Pageslight of this, we believe market booths have the ability to return higher profits after dark. 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Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreEducation: Past, Present, and Future772 Words   |  4 PagesPresent, and Future Education, without it we would all be mindless wonders wandering around the globe. Education is an important factor in our lives, but the past, present, and future of education is changing. And change it will until our education system is the best in the world. In the past, Education in America was plain and simple. Weve all heard the stories of how our ancestors used to have to walk to school 5 miles in the snow in the heat of summer. These shameless exagerations were meantRead MoreUsing Thermal Scanning Technology Without Permission1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivered the opinion of the Court: The question whether a warrantless search of a home is reasonable and hence constitutional must be answered no in most instances, but the antecedent question whether a Fourth Amendment â€Å"search† has occurred is not so simple. When dealing with a warrantless search the court looked at the Katz test. This was based on the court case Katz v. United States; which dealt with the issue of a warrantless search and discussed the nature of the right to privacy when it comesRead MoreThe Distillation Dream Team Co993 Words   |  4 PagesUS area. â€Å"What’s difficult is that we see a drought happen today but people are really going to be feeling that six months from now, possibly a year from now,† said Mary Brill, a policy analyst at ActionAid. This could form another round of high prices and global hunger. Water is a precious resource. In a drought-prone state, we need to find the absolutely best way to use what water we have. The pieces are in place to fix California’s water problem, they just need to put them together. As shownRead MoreScience Behind Climate Change : The Earth s Atmosphere1404 Words   |  6 Pagesman-made and include changes in the sun’s energy accessing the earth. Additionally, it could be variations in the reflectivity of the atmosphere and the surface of the earth or changes occurring in the greenhouse effect. The latter has an impact on the heat amount contained in the earth’s atmosphere. Scientists argue that climate changes witnessed in the 19700s were consequences of natural causes such as disparity in solar energy, volcanic eruptions, or even the natural change occurring in greenhouseRead MoreThe Perpetuation of Female Stereotypes Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesRichards, Gloria Steinem, and Gail Dines, the film goes beyond calling girls victims, and shows them interacting with potentially harmful messages and resisting the call to victim hood. This documentary calls attention to the harmful images with which we are faced with daily. Images such as a recent ad from Style magazine show how our media subtly impose standards of femininity, materialism, and vulnerability in order to be considered sexy. America dictates standards of femininity upon the massesRead MoreElectrical Power in the United States1876 Words   |  7 Pages(tidal). Nuclear Power has a process to it which is generated using Uranium. This choice is what produces 11% of the worlds energy. It starts off with nuclear fission which heats water to make steam and the steam turns the turbines that turn generators which leads to electrical power. For this project youll need uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium now costs $40/pound area. Carbon dioxide is also needed because its a very good coolant, helps reduce the chance of fire in there and when added

Resistance Journal Health Social Behavior -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Resistance Journal Health Social Behavior? Answer: Introducation This describes a feeling of sadness for a long period of time for example weeks, months or even years and sometimes with no apparent reason. A diagnosis can take weeks and it is important to rule out general medical issues since some conditions such as vitamin deficiency share the symptoms of depression. Signs and Symptoms of Depression: Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed Appetite variations Loss or gain in weight disparate from dieting Fatigue Lack of sleep Difficulty in concentration Suicide thoughts Schizophrenia It is a severe mental disorder that affects an individuals thinking, behavior and feelings. Signs and Symptoms: Psychosis Disorderly movements Trouble focusing Reduced expression of emotions through speaking and facial expressions Hallucinations Delusions Anxiety Disorders These are feelings of dread over anticipated activities. Signs and Symptoms: Excessive worry over everything for a long period of time Fatigue as a result of restlessness Trouble sleeping Overwhelming and disruptive fear Muscle tension which includes flexing muscles regularly and jaw clenching Problems in concentration Chronic indigestion characterized by Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), in which individuals management stomachaches, cramping, bloating, constipation and/or diarrhea Panic attacks; a sudden gripby fear that can last several moments Stage fright Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) In this case, the patient experiences uncontrolled re-occurring thoughts (obsessions) and patterns of behavior (compulsions). Signs and Symptoms: Lack of concentration due to excessive thoughts or actions Repeated checks on activities already carried out Irresistible fear Aggressiveness towards others or oneself Overwhelming need for perfection for example, always arranging items in a particular, precise way. Violence In most societies, it is believed that mentally ill patients are threatening and dangerous to other people around them. They are viewed as being unpredictable and thus they are treated differently from other individuals (Ahonen et al., 2017). These beliefs, however,do not have any factual basis to support them. Even people without mental disabilities could be violent depending on the situation and their personalities. This interpretation makes the patients feel different and discriminated, especially if other people act in accordance with it. Demonic or Spirit possession: Some societies still hold the belief that individuals with mental illnesses are possessed by an evil spirit. This gives rise to fear and caution by other people thus discrimination of the affected ones. Medical Facilities for mental Health Problems The mental health facilities are set up in such a way that suggests these illnesses are different from other medical conditions and could lead to physical dysfunction. Controllability Many people believe that most mental and personal disorders are within the individuals personal control. If the patient does not get better on their own therefore, they are considered weak or lacking personal effort and are therefore blamed for their misfortunes (Gronholm et al, 2017). This refers to the visibility of the symptoms of a mental disorder. In this case, mental health problems that do not have easily discernible signs and symptoms such as depression are disregarded as people believe that they are not as serious as the ones with straightforward indicators. These individuals therefore feel discarded and not cared for. Societal Education: Social workers should try as much as possible to edify the members of the society on exactly what mental disorders, their types, symptoms and how to care for mentally ill individuals. They should clarify that people with mental health problems are not responsible for their conditions and therefore should be aided rather than blamed for those conditions (Glajz et al., 2017). The social workers should also continuously campaign against the beliefs held on mental illnesses and urge people to come forward or seek for help for themselves and their loved ones as soon as they suspect they have a mental healthcare disorder (MacDonald-Wilson et al., 2017). They can launch a campaign through social media to each as many people as possible with the aim of challenge peoples beliefs on mental disorders. These are a set of rules and standards that can be applied to certain situations for achievement of goals and reflection of the operations of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation field. These principles include: Individualization of all Services: This refers to focusing on the individual clients needs and desires. Indras personal wishes should be observed more keenly and the mental health facility should discourage him from alcohol consumption to facilitate his recovery. Strengths Focus The psychiatric practitioners at Community Mental Health Intervention Team (COMIT) should focus on Indras abilities, for example the fact that he wants to be financially independent and move on with his life and help him in doing this rather than paying too much attention to his alcohol consumption. Situational Assessments These valuations focus on the clients personal goals and therefore are more effective than global assessments that do not relate to the individuals specific goals. Treatment/Rehabilitation Integration COMIT should view Indra as a complex individual and take into account all aspects of his life affected by the rehabilitation process. It should especially focus on rehabilitation which aids in overcoming barriers and pursuing ones dreams as opposed to treatment which is a mere relief in the symptoms experienced. Coordinated Ongoing Assessments In Indras case there is a stipulated time in which he should move out of his brothers flat. COMIT should not let him make such a decision since rehabilitation is an ongoing process and requires time to heal. His family should also encourage him to be patient and focus on his rehabilitation process. The service providers should be hopeful regarding their clients recovery (Hutchison, et al., 2017). In Indras situation, his family and his practitioner should be expectant for better results and discourage him from taking comfort in alcohol. Capacity to Learn and Grow Another value of psychiatric rehabilitation is the belief that everyone has the capacity to be better. COMIT and Indras household members should motivate him to acquire new enjoyable skills that will keep him busy and probably b ring him some income as a way of showing him that he can be more productive and enabling him avoid alcohol consumption. Respect and Dignity Preservation Rehabilitation facilities should understand that the illnesses do not make the patients less human (Priester, et al, 2016). Indras sister and brother should politely explain to Indra the effects of alcohol on his recovery and aid him in pursuing his goals instead of quarrelling. Acceptance The first step that Diana should take to rehabilitation is accepting that she is ill. She is only interested in getting her job back meaning that she does not realize how serious her condition is or she does not care. Admitting that she needs recovery more than a job would be an important step towards Dianas restoration (Thoits, 2016). This can be achieved by enabling her to understand the difference between her symptoms and her true self, which would bring to light her mental status. Engaging other people These include friends and family members who can help her spot symptoms that she cannot identify on her own and support her through her rehabilitation process (Koslowski et al., 2016). Healthy lifestyle Now that she is no longer busy working, Diana should focus on building a healthy lifestyle such as exercising and eating healthy meals which would facilitate her recovery process. She should reduce her worry about getting her job back and put all her energy into recovery, which would probably bring to light other opportunities and help her identify other enjoyable hobbies or acquire new skills and techniques. Programme Options Diana should talk with the psychiatric medical social worker about her disinterest in the programme in order to have suggestions for other options that would better contribute to regaining her health and have a better experience (McGurk et al., 2017). The best programme for her would be one that is enjoyable to her and in which she is actively involved. It should also portray the capability of her gaining new skills and acquiring knowledge that would enable her get another occupation after recovery. Alternatively, it should have the ability to aid her in further building her career in case there is a chance of re-acquiring her previous employment. References Ahonen, L., Loeber, R., Brent, D. A. (2017). The Association Between Serious Mental Health Problems and Violence: Some Common Assumptions and Misconceptions.Trauma, Violence, Abuse, 1524838017726423. Corrigan, P. W. (2016). Resolving mental illness stigma: should we seek normalcy or solidarity?. DeLuca, J. S., Yanos, P. T. (2016). Managing the terror of a dangerous world: Political attitudes as predictors of mental health stigma.International journal of social psychiatry,62(1), 21-30. Hutchison, S. L., MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Karpov, I., Maise, A. M., Wasilchak, D., Schuster, J. M. (2017). Value of psychiatric rehabilitation in a behavioral health medicaid managed care system. psychology Rehabilitation Journal,40(2), 216. Gronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., Evans-Lacko, S. (2017). Mental health-related stigma and pathways to care for people at risk of psychotic disorders or experiencing first-episode psychosis: a systematic review.Psychological Medicine, 1-13. Glajz, B. A. Deane, F. P., Deane, F. P., Williams, V., Williams, V. (2017). Mental health workers values and their congruency with recovery principles.The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice,12(1), 1-12. McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., Watkins, M. A., Dalton, C. M., Deutsch, H. (2017). The feasibility of implementing cognitive remediation for work in community based psychiatric rehabilitation programs.Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,40(1), 79. MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Hutchison, S. L., Karpov, I., Wittman, P., Deegan, P. E. (2017). A Successful Implementation Strategy to Support auditing of Decision Making in Mental Health Services.Community mental health journal,53(3), 251-256. Koslowski, N., Klein, K., Arnold, K., Ksters, M., Schtzwohl, M., Salize, H. J., Puschner, B. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp-bp. Priester, M. A., Browne, T., Iachini, A., Clone, S., DeHart, D., Seay, K. D. (2016). Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: An integrative literature review.Journal of substance abuse treatment,61, 47-59. Thoits, P. A. (2016). Im Not Mentally Ill Identity Deflection as a Form of Stigma Resistance.Journal of health and social behavior,57(2), 135-151. Yeh, M. A., Jewell, R. D., Thomas, V. L. (2017). The Stigma of Mental Illness: Using Segmentation for Social Change.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,36(1), 97-116.

The House On Mango Street Essay Example For Students

The House On Mango Street Essay The House On Mango Street Essay The House on Mango Street In The House On Mango Street Esperanza reveals personal experiences through which the reader is able to determine what kind of person she is; her views on life, how she views herself, as well as how her poverty affects her view of life, her view of her future, and how her poverty currently affects her place in the world. The vignettes show different aspects of Esperanzas identity as it evolves and changes progressively throughout The House On Mango Street. Esperanzas identity, as divulged in the vignettes, is multifaceted. Her shyness is evident when she is around people who are unfamiliar to her. This is most likely due to the intimidation these people pose. Esperanza says in the chapter We never agree on what she looks like(pg.71). Another example of characterization can be found in the chapter calledSally. In the chapter Esperanza saysThe boys at school think shes beautiful (pg.81) Characterization is explained in this chapter in the way that Sally wears make-up to school and skirts that she pulls up, but when she goes home she washes off the make-up and pulls down her skirt so her father wont notice anything. Tone is explained in the chapter called Darius and the Clouds because a lot of people in Esperanzas school think of him as a fool. Then when one day he says something wise, something smart, people dont think of him as such a fool. In the chapter Darius says,You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad.(pg. 33) He also says,Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky.(pg.33) Tone is also explained in the chapter calledRed Clowns.Esperanza becomes very mad with Sally because Sally left her alone and some guys come and have their way with her. Esperanza saysSally, you lied. It wasnt what you said at all. What he did. Where he touched me. I didnt want it, Sally.(pg.99) Esperanza get very emotional about what happens to her. She becomes very mad and changes her tone in the way that she isnt the cheerful happy girl. Style is explained in the chapter called The Monkey Garden in the way that the Monkey Garden stands for the Edenic Bower. Esperanza and her friends love to play in the garden. Esperanza says,This was a garden, a wonderful thing to look at in the spring.(pg.94) The The Monkey Garden stands for the Garden of Eden.Another example of Style can be found in the chapter calledChanclas. Esperanza says, The old saddle shoes I wear to school, brown and white, the kind I get every September because they last long and they do.(pg.47) Esperanza really hates getting the same shoes every September because they dont look good and because it makes her feet look scuffed and round. The affect of an unreliable narrator in The House on Mango Street affects different things. Three of them are the tone, characterization, and the style. There are many examples of the affects in The House on Mango Street. .

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3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization

3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization By Mark Nichol Here are my responses to readers about questions regarding whether to use uppercase or lowercase letters in certain contexts. 1. Would you write, â€Å"I study algebra,† or â€Å"I study Algebra†? â€Å"I’m enrolled in algebra II,† or â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II†? Is the following sentence correct? â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, Geometry, and english.† When you refer to an academic subject, write, for example, â€Å"I study algebra.† (Capitalize only names of languages and other proper nouns.) However, when the reference is to a course in which an academic subject is taught, write, for example, â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II.† The terms in this revision of your final sample sentence are styled correctly: â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, geometry, and English.† See also the first item in this post. 2. One of our counties considers itself â€Å"the birthplace of prohibition.† My question is whether prohibition should be capitalized. I’ve seen it done that way before but can’t remember if it may have been only in the context of references to the era or the Eighteenth Amendment.† When referring to the principle rather than the era or the legislation, I’d lowercase the word: â€Å"The nonpartisan organization focused on the single issue of prohibition.† But in reference to the specific US government policy during the 1930s (or any other similar official policy in another country), capitalize the term. And if the county actually markets itself with the slogan â€Å"The Birthplace of Prohibition,† acknowledge that epithet by writing, â€Å"The county considers itself the ‘Birthplace of Prohibition’†). 3. What are the rules for saying something starts with a capital letter? Which one is correct: â€Å"The word God has a capital G,† or â€Å"The word God has a capital g†? No resource I know of refers to this specific point about naming a letter as a letter, so in this case I must defer to usage. â€Å"The word God has a capital G† may seem redundant, but that’s the prevailing style. Otherwise, when the reference is not specifically to an uppercase letter, the lowercase form should be used. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

Cover and Thank You letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cover and Thank You letter - Essay Example In this case, I am able to think out through problems clearly and in a systematic manner while maintaining flexibility in challenging situations which will enable me bring energy and commitment to excellence that is indispensable to succeed in Marathon Oil Corporation’s innovative environment. Despite my lack of hands-on experience in a work environment, I have developed technical skills and the ability to present details to a large environment required in the business environment. In order to attain the objective of working in a challenging and interesting environment, I am requesting for consideration in the aforementioned position in your company. I became interested in an intern’s position at Marathon Oil after researching different companies that could offer me a challenge. As a leader in the industry, there is no any other place that can help me meet my objectives other than your company. I know this position will enable me identify my strengths and address any weaknesses in order to equip me with expertise for the job market. Thank you for the opportunity to interview with you on Wednesday, June 6, 2012 at your company headquarters. The position of intern in your information technology department is an outstanding opportunity I feel exceptionally qualified. I am beholden by the information and time you shared with me during the interview. Indeed, the time spent with you makes me yearn for this position more than when I was applying for the position. As we discussed, my financial and information technology background will give me a foothold to meet my objectives and those of the company while working with my workmates. Not only am I able to discuss the requirements in your workplace, but I also do understand the expectations of this position in the competitive global business

Financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Financial analysis - Essay Example It serves government consumers, individual consumers, small and midsized businesses, and education enterprises. Apple’s financial year ends on the last Saturday of September and has an approximate period of 52 or 53 weeks. In connection to this, the main aim of this paper is to take out Apple Inc. financial analysis. Financial Analysis refers to the assessment of the profitability, stability and viability of a business entity or project. It is based on information derived from the financial statements including the Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash flow and the Income Statement, a single financial statement cannot give full information about the firm but together they give useful information (Gibson 2012, pg. 6). It is useful in benchmarking that majorly involves comparison of different companies’ performance comparison or comparing the company’s performance over time. The information is also used by management and investors in decision making and forecast future performance. We analyze data as revealed by Apple Inc.’s annual Reports and also carry out ratio analysis that helps us discover more information about the business (Michelle 2012, pg. 45). Apple operates in different geographical areas including the Americas, Japan, Europe, Asia Pacific and retail operations, it is hence involved in segment reporting and all the information from various sources is consolidated and used as the company’s financial information from which the company’s performance is analyzed (Brooks 2012, pg. 86). This paper aims to analyze the financial statements of Apple Inc from 2011 to 2013 to determine which year was more profitable, that is, time series analysis. The results could also be useful in performing industrial analysis which involves comparing one company’s performance to another in order to determine which one is doing better. Measure the ability of

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Quiz - Assignment Example This will help out during fluctuation in the price of the securities in the portfolio. If data from the set of securities are gathered and plotted on a graph with annual rate of return on y-axis while standard deviation of the cost of the security on x-axis, there will be a region bounded by a curve sloping up. This curve is referred to as efficient frontier. The first characteristics is that the portfolios that gives the highest return are the one selected, this portfolio are the one that lies above the curve referred to as efficient frontier. Those points found above the efficient frontier gives the best return for the portfolio as opposed to those that are below sometimes referred to as submerged points. The second characteristics of efficient frontier is that it is a curve not s straight line. This is because the return securities in the portfolio are not same each security has its own level of return and risk associated to it (Hirt & Block, 1990). So any point found on this curve is the best alternative or asset to be included in the portfolio. Yes they do. First because they points in the frontier keeps on moving as time progresses the risk level and expected return changes. This will result to the point associated with that security moving upwards if the changes were favorable. Secondly efficient frontier depends on the number of securities in the portfolio, so if securities in a given portfolio are of good number there is a high chance of some points being on top of the efficient frontier. Yes it is possible if the bond has lower coupon rate hence longer period of payment. In bond duration refers to the weighted average period of time required before the actual cash flows starts to be received. The weighted average is not the nominal value of the cash flow but rather the present value. According to (Fabozzi, 2002) investors really need to know the duration for them to know or predict how the market price of bond will be affected by due to

Mahatma Gandhi A Great Man In History History Essay

Mahatma Gandhi A Great Man In History History Essay Mahatma Gandhi is among the worlds greatest men. He was the most impactful and significant person in the history of India. He gave his life to make India independent through events such as the Jaliavala Bagh massacre, Simon commission, non cooperative movements, and the Dandi March. He even inspired the Civil Rights movement by Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States through his impact. He sacrificed his life what he believes for India. His full name was Mohandas KaramChand Gandhi. He was born on octombe2, 1869, in Porbandar, Saurashtra. KaramChand Gandhi was his father and Putalibai was his mother. His wife`s name was Kasturba. He studied in Rajkot and Bhavnagar. He was the youngest of four children in his family. Gandhi was a member of the Hindu religion which meant he wasn`t allowed to eat meat or drink wine. When he was young, his brothers offered him meat but he refused to try it which was the best decision Mohandas made. This action showed that even though Gandhi was small, he was responsible, respectful and loyal to his religion. Mahatma Gandhi gave up his clothes. Mohandas wore a loin cloth. Mohandas made the cloth himself. The photograph of Mohandas Gandhi at his spinning wheel is world famous. He works very hard, lived a peanuts and goats milk. Mohandas went on long fastest to purify himself. Mohandas spent many years in jail. Mohandas believed in truth and non-violence. Mohandas didnt hate any one. Mohand as followed his principals throughout his life. He also believed in simplicity and equality. Mohandas loved all. Mohandas had great faith in prayer and god. He served the poor. He was the greatest man of his time. People called him Mahatma. He was a national leader. A major role played by Mohandas in India`s freedom movement. (Feroz 2007; Gandhi 1948). The Indian classics, especially some of the story from Indian epics, such as Shravana and Maharaja Harish had a great impact on Gandhi in his child hood. The story of Harish Chandra, hunted Gandhi as a boy. Gandhi had admits in autobiography that it left a permanent impression on him. Gandhi said, that was hunted him and he must had acted Harish Chandra to himself. Gandhi was very brave and he made India free through peaceful ways. He did not fight on a battlefield, but it was a fight to free India. He showed the world that you can be very brave and peace-loving at the same time (Gandhi 1948). Mahatma Gandhi entered the scene of the Indian freedom struggle in 1919; with this the freedom struggle took a new turn. Mohandas KaramChand Gandhi was a lawyer who had been working in South Africa. There he had been leading the struggle of Indians and colored people against the white rulers. In South Africa the white people considered themselves superior to the colored people and treated them very badly (Gandhi 1948). After retuning, Ghandhiji went on a tour of India to find out the condition of the people. He found that Indians were very poor and being ill-treated by the British. Indian society was also suffering due to old obsolete practices like untouched ability. Women and social out castes were treated badly. Ghandhiji realized that all Indians would have to be united in their struggle against the British rulers. He wanted all social evils to be brought to an end along with foreign rule. In 1919 the British introduce new lows. Gandhi first requested the government not to introduce this when the government ignored his request; he started his silent protest movement. He asked the people not to obey these laws to show their disapproval, but they had to be non violent all the time. There was a massive response all over the country to Ghandhijis call. There were meetings and demonstrations (Prakash 2004 2005). JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE One such demonstration was held at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. About 20,000 men, women and children attended the meeting. Same British officers decided to stop the meeting. General Dyer, their leader, blocked the only gate of the park so that the people could not escape. Then he ordered his troops to fire, since the park was surrounded on all sides by the high walls of houses, the crowd was trapped. Guns blazed away, and people ran here and there but they could not escape. Hundreds were killed and thousand wounded. When news about this massacre spread everyone was shocked. The publics anger knew no bounds (Prakash 2004 2005). NON- COOPERATION MOVEMENT Gandhijis answer to Jallianwala Bagh massacres was Satyagraha. This was the beginning of the Non-cooperation movement. Gandhi declared that the people would not cooperate with the government and would deliberately break laws. Thousands of students left schools and colleges. Many lawyers suspended their work. People made bonfires of foreign goods. People took to wear only thick, rough Khadi, thus doing away with the difference between the rich and the poor. Gandhi wanted the people to follow the principles of non-violence, but sometimes people could not control their anger and resorted to violence. After one such incident, when a group of people set fire to a police station, Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation movement (Andrews 1930). SIMON COMMISSION When the British saw the matter getting out of hand they appointed a commission to review the matter. The chairman of the commission was john Simon. As there were no Indian members, the people protested by holding demonstrations. Wherever the commission went, it was greeted with black flags. The British tried to stop the demonstrations through lathi charges and firing. Among the leaders who led the protests against the Simon Commission were Lala Lajapat Rai, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Saradar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Azad, Sarojini Naidu, Rajaji and Motilal Nehru (Fischer 1950; Gandhi 1948). DANDI MARCH The British had made the collection of salt from the sea cost an illegal act. Ghandhiji decided to walk to the sea cost and start his Satyagraha by breaking the salt laws. He wanted to draw attention to the fact that most Indians were so poor that they could not buy salt and pay the salt tax. He shared his march on 1 march 1930. He and his followers walked merely 300km. from his ashram at Sabarmati for over 25days. After arrival at Dandi, Ghandhiji collected water, heated it and made salt, thus breaking the law. He police arrested some people and beat up others. Ghandhiji wanted to raid a government salt go down but he was arrested. The leader ship of the salt movement then passed to Abbas Tyabji and on his arrest to Sarojini Naidu. All over India the new struggle too got in big way. Among the great leaders was khan Abdul gaffe in the northwest. The British tried to arrive at some settlement with the congress. Ghandhiji was called for meeting with the British after the meeting the co ngress decided to suspend the freedom movement till the Indian leaders held talks with the British government in London. The government in London released and allowed people to collect salt from the sea cost (Gandhi 1948). THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT Under the leadership of Gandhi the Quit India movement was launched. The purpose of this was to set up series of non violent ways hopefully leading up to the long awaited Independence from this quotes by Gandhi We shall either free India or die in the attempt, we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery. The saying Do or Die soon became popular among the Indian people. This was a simple way of stating the way importance to regain independence. This movement got off to a rocky start because before congress could pass the movement the government. Government declared it illegal and arrested all off the major leader. As a result of this a series of revolts broke out in what was known as British Quit India. The middle class was especially active during the first few phases. But they were soon weakened by the harsh repression. The last difficult one characterized by communication, police and army installations. A man named Chandrasekhar Azad put together a campaign called Azad Hind Fauj which stood for Indian nations army. INA. His only slogan during the whole campaign was simply give me blood and Ill give you freedom. Many people of India joined in the INA to support the Indian soldiers. But sadly enough after the Japanese defeated them in 1945 they INA`s power and strength slowly declined from there. This was significant because India as a whole supported the INA with all their strength because they were the people standing up and protecting them. And one time when there was a military tribunal held against several INA officers and they were found guilty to severe punishment, the people of India became enraged. As a result of this the government cancelled their punishment. The government was strongly against the movement and their goal was to make sure it didn`t get out of hand. They did everything from arrested people to physically beating others. The supports of the movement were often shot at and sometimes every bomb blast from the sky. This was definitely one of the most brutal events that happened in India. The British people definitely came out on top and the remaining two and a half years remained unchanged politically wise until the day their independence was granted to them (Andrews 1930; Prakash 2005-2006). MARTIN LUTHER KING Martian Luther king was black American. Though Lincoln had abolished severely in 1862 blacks were still badly treated for example, black were not allowed to occupy a seat in public bus until the all whites had been seated Martin Luther king resisted all search practices in the united state. King meet many political and realizes leaders of the world finally he adopted the path of non-violence as son by mahatma Gandhi during his visited to India, he said I am not terrorist, I have come on pilgrimage to pay homage to the land of mahatma Gandhi such mahatma Gandhi was greatest man (Hakal 2008; Prakash 2004-2005). END OF LIFE A mad man Nathuram Godase killed him on January 30, 1848. When the Mahatma was murdered the whole world wept over his death. Like Thoreau Gandhi also insisted on the individual`s right to oppose governments, even governments at war. Democracy is hollow without the rights to dissent but fear and dissent don`t go together. For Gandhi the central evil of the modern world was materialism. It included both wealth and power. The state gathers brute force to destroy the spirit of freedom. This doesn`t mean that he was against wealth or power. He only taught certain values which would make man happy without material possessions. He advised to keep a thing if it provided inner help and comfort from anything. Nothing should be given up in a mood of self sacrifice or out of a strict sense of duty. This way a man might resign his post to be his own master, do his own work and grow. He detested shortening of time and distance and to run about the world to satisfy our wants. When Leon Blum heard about it he felt great personal loss. He called Ghandhiji an extraordinary man. It has been Mahatma Gandhis supreme faith that there is a nobler element in man which may be won over love. If the question is asked, what is the sum and substance of the charge which Mahatma Gandhi laid against the British government in India? It may be summed up in a single phrase. He charged them with the oppression of the poor. His political achievements were many but people paid tributes to his spiritual qualities and ethical qualities. His big contribution to modern civilizations is his life. Fisher rightly says: He was an Indian. WORK-CITED Andrews, C.F. Mahatma Gandhis Idias. New york: The Macmillan Company, 1930. Fischer, Louis. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New york: Harper Brother, 1950. Gandhi. Dir. Richard Attenborough. Perf. Ben Kingsley. 1982. Gandhi my Father. Dir. Feroz Abbas Khan. Perf. Anil kapur. 2007. Gandhi. Dir. Richard Attenborough. Perf. Ben Kingsley. 1982. Hakala, David. The Top 10 Leadership Qualities. Leaders can be found and nurtured 19 March 2008: 5. M.K.Gandhi. The story of my experiments with truth. Washington,D.C: Public Affairs press, 1948. Raval, Prakash .Ravals Key to Easy English Prose. Patan (India): Raval Prakashan, 2002-2005.

Nietzsche and the Prophet Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Nietzsche and the Prophet According to Friedrich Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the meaning of human existence is to make room for the â€Å"Superman†: a superhuman who perseveres in its capacity for unlimited self-creation. (Pg. 49)[1] In order for humankind to embrace its self-creative nature and allow for the transcendence into this superhuman condition, however, we must first learn to destroy our present tables of values; it is our desperate adherence to traditional (religious) values which prevents us from actualizing our potential for self-creation. It is important to note, however, that it is not the creation of these traditional values in and of itself that Nietzsche condemns. After all, self-creation is not only a positive thing but, is the true essence and meaning of human existence. Rather, it is our insistence on treating these values and beliefs (e.g. the existence of God) as permanent and a priori which sickens him. When we perceive these values and beliefs as permanent , it numbs both the ability and motivation for human beings to self-create the future or, what he calls, the â€Å"self-creating will†. As Nietzsche’s protagonist states, â€Å"God is a supposition; but I want your supposing to reach no further than your creating will...Willing liberates: that is the true doctrine of will and freedom... (Pg.’s 110-11) Manifest in Nietzsche’s vision of human self-creation, however, is a fundamental tension between the past and the future. On the one hand, he tells the reader that because everything is past and begs destruction, it is disgusting for anyone to blindly adhere to traditional value systems. Yet, on the other hand, the future (Superman) is fundamentally connected and, perhaps, even indebted to th... ...Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1961. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Penguin Books: London. [2]. Later on in the text, we see that this entails Zarathustra rising up and becoming the teacher of the eternal recurrence: that all things, including human existence, recur eternally. As his animals tell Zarathustra, â€Å"For your animals well know, O Zarathustra, who you are and must become: behold, you are the teacher of the eternal recurrence, that is now your destiny! That you have to be the first to teach this doctrine...that all things recur eternally and we ourselves with them, and that we have already existed an infinite number of times before and all things with us†. (The Convalescent; Pg. 237; italics original) Upon hearing the prophet’s words, however, we see that Zarathustra is not ready to become the teacher of the eternal recurrence.

Types and Symptoms

Albinism is a genetic anomaly characterized by little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair.   Not specific to race or ethnicity, it can affect African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians as much as it does whites. More exactly, albinism is an autosomal recessive trait where melanocytes have diminished or restricted ability to produce melanin—the substance responsible for skin, hair and eye color.Phenotypically, albinism is relatively rare: one person in 17,000 in the U.S.A. is affected. In fact, most children with albinism are born to parents with normal hair and eye color. In some Scandinavian countries, however, it is difficult to tell if a child has albinism because fair hair and eyes are the norm.   A common myth is that by definition people with albinism have red eyes. In fact there are different types of albinism, and the amount of pigment in the eyes varies.The National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation dispels many myths and legends in popular cultu re, â€Å"Although some individuals with albinism have reddish or violet eyes, most have blue eyes. Some have hazel or brown eyes.People with albinism always have problems with vision, and many have low vision. Many are â€Å"legally blind,† but most use their vision for reading, and do not use braille. Some have vision good enough to drive a car.   Vision problems in albinism result from abnormal development of the retina and abnormal patterns of nerve connections between the eye and the brain. It is the presence of these eye problems that defines the diagnosis of albinism.Therefore the main test for albinism is simply an eye exam.   While most people with albinism have very light skin and hair, not all do. Oculocutaneous albinism involves the eyes, hair, and skin. Ocular albinism involves primarily the eyes, while skin and hair may appear similar or slightly lighter than that of other family members.Over the years researchers have used various systems for classifying o culocutaneous albinism. In general, these systems contrasted types of albinism having almost no pigmentation with types having slight pigmentation. In less pigmented types of albinism, hair and skin are cream-colored, and vision is often in the range of 20/200. In types with slight pigmentation, hair appears more yellow or red-tinged, and vision often corrects to 20/60.Early descriptions of albinism called these main categories of albinism â€Å"complete† and â€Å"incomplete† albinism. Later researchers used a test that involved plucking a hair root, and seeing if it would make pigment in a test tube. This test separated â€Å"ty-neg† (no pigment) from â€Å"ty-pos† (some pigment). Further research showed that this test was inconsistent, and added little information to the clinical exam.†

Microfinance Essay Example

Microfinance Essay Example Microfinance Essay Microfinance Essay Microfinance refers to the proviso of fiscal services on a sustainable footing to the hapless who are by and large outside the range of formal fiscal markets and frequently includes societal intermediation ( Churchill Frankiewicz, 2006 ; Ledgerwood, 2001 ) . Surveies have demonstrated the impact of Microfinance on poorness decrease including making the hapless, raising their economic good being every bit good as authorising them. In peculiar, Microfinance has shown to authorise adult females through supplying entree to material resources and increasing their engagement in family determination devising ( Khandker, 2002 ; Robinson, 2001 ; Todd, 2000, Amin et Al, 1998 ; Buvinic, 1983 ) . As with the remainder of the South Asia part, Microfinance in Sri Lanka has a long history dating back to the early old ages of the twentieth century ( World Bank, 2006 ) . Microfinance has been given a taking function in authorities poorness decrease plans, and in its rigorous sense began to be widely recognized in Sri Lanka as a cardinal tool for relieving poorness and authorising the hapless with the passage of the authorities s Janasaviya Program in 1989. This plan was subsequently replaced by the Samurdhi Development Program, which was introduced in 1995 and remains the largest authorities enterprise ( Thilakaratna, Wickramasinghe Kumara, 2005 ; Fernando, 2009 ) . The Samurdhi Program has extended coverage in the rural countries and the bulk of the plan participants are adult females. Some research workers question the impact of microfinance on adult females s authorization. They view the consequence of adult females s engagement in Microfinance plans as reenforcing patriarchal norms of adult females s subordination taking to declining gender relationships and disempowerment of adult females ( Goetz Gupta, 1996 ; Montgomery et Al, 1996 ; Rahman, 1999 ) . This article provides some penetration into this argument by analyzing the impact of the Samurdhi Program in authorising rural adult females in Sri Lanka. The survey was conducted in the Ihala Koswaththa small town situated in Kurunegala District in North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The appraisal in this article relies on the female Microfinance clients of Ihala Koswaththa to bespeak and measure the alterations that entree to Microfinance services through the Samurdhi Program has brought into their lives. Microfinance and Women s Authorization The construct of authorization is complex and there is no understanding on a individual definition of authorization in the literature. However, the bulk of the definitions at least hold on the fact that authorization is a progressive procedure of alteration instead than an terminal merchandise. Harmonizing to Keiffer ( 1984 ) , authorization is a development procedure that includes the four phases of entry, promotion, incorporation, and committedness. The entry phase is referred to as an act of aggravation that appears to be motivated by the person s experience of some event or status endangering to the ego or household. The advancement phase includes the three major facets of mentoring relationships, supportive equal relationships with a corporate organisation, and the development of a more critical apprehension of societal and political dealingss. During the advancement phase these three facets are considered to be of import in go oning the empowerment procedure. The incorporation phase focuses on the development of increasing political consciousness. In the concluding phase of committedness the persons apply the new participatory competency to of all time spread outing countries of their lives. Whitmore ( 1988 ) identifies some common implicit in premises when specifying authorization. These premises are: persons understand their ain demands better than anyone else and hence should hold the power to both define and act upon them ; all people possess strengths upon which they can construct ; authorization is a womb-to-tomb enterprise ; and personal cognition and experience are valid and utile in get bying efficaciously. While it is already complicated to specify and gestate authorization in general, specifying adult females s authorization is even more hard. Empowering adult females may specifically mention to their economic state of affairs, but besides to increased well-being and transmutation of power dealingss, all depending on their existing conditions and point of view. Furthermore, authorization may reflect itself in adult females s engagement in societal and political activities, and hence ideally authorising other adult females as good ( Majoor, Manders, 2009 ) . The following table high spots different conceptualisations and models for adult females s authorization in Microfinance. Different Conceptualization and Frameworks for Women s Authorization Moser s ( Gender Needs ) Framework ( 1989 ) Emphasis in this model is laid on gender demands Women s involvement: the diverse, complex and frequently conflicting involvements which adult females hold as persons and which are hence shaped by category, ethnicity, age and gender Practical gender involvement: arises because of different gender functions and are formulated by ( wo ) work forces themselves in response to an immediate perceived need Strategic gender involvements: arises from a feminist analysis of adult females s subordination ( and work forces s laterality ) aimed at transforming gender dealingss for gender equality Longwe s ( Progression ) Framework ( 1989,1991 ) This model presents empowerment as a additive entity, both as a phase that feeds into the following phase, from Social welfare: with improved adult females s stuff public assistance such as nutrient, income, and medical attention, etc. Entree: on equal terms to factors of production and public services Conscientisation: on the difference between, with the purpose of transmutation of sex and gender functions Engagement: as peers, ( wo ) work forces partake in determination devising, policy procedures and disposal Control: with ( wo ) work forces every bit taking control over factors of production and the distribution of benefits at that place from without laterality Rowland s ( Power Process ) Framework ( 1997 ) The accent of Rowland is on power, i.e Power from within: single alterations in assurance and consciousness Power to: capableness and capacity betterment as in accomplishments, income, and market and occupation entree Power over: overcoming subjection at family, community and macro degree Power with: networking, partnership, coaction and joint action to dispute and alter power dealingss Chen s ( Product ) Framework ( 1997 ) Material alteration: in income ( measure and security ) ; resources ( entree, control, and ownership ) ; basic demands ( for good being ) ; and gaining capacity ( handiness and ability to take chance ) Perceptual alteration: in ego regard ( of individualism, involvement and value ) ; self assurance ( in ain ability and capacity ) ; vision of future ( by frontward be aftering ) ; and visibleness and regard ( for single value and parts ) Relational alteration: in determination devising ( in family and community ) ; dickering power, engagement ( in local establishments and processes eg. Politicss ) ; self trust ( reduced dependance and increased mutuality as peers ) and organisational strenghths ( construction and leading ) Beginning: Adapted from Mayoux ( 2002 ) Kabeer ( 2001 ) discusses why assorted surveies come up with different replies to whether adult females are empowered or non through engagement in Microfinance plans. She explains these contrasting replies as a consequence of analyzing authorization as a additive procedure, of methodological analysis and the position of adult females as a homogenous group. She argues that authorization should non be studied as a additive procedure, and alternatively it should be viewed as a multidimensional procedure of many degrees, where causes and effects are non easy distinguished. Therefore, it is non much usage to use quantitative methods in such surveies, which confirms authorization through a few indexs that might non be valid in all instances. She farther explains that adult females are non a homogenous group but a group of persons and authorization is a subjective experience because adult females respond to assorted chances in different ways, and hence, adult females s authorization should be studied from the adult females s point of view, by listening to their personal experiences and mentioning to their apprehension of world. Mayoux ( 2000 ) suggests three contrasting paradigms of adult females s authorization in Microfinance plans. Fiscal ego sustainability paradigm: based on plans sustained by adult females s refund rates and anticipating authorization to emerge Poverty relief paradigm: where Microfinance is integrated with community development, aiming the hapless and family well-being is linked to empowerment Feminist empowerment paradigm: is a sectoral scheme that centers adult females s authorization and offers Microfinance as a means to this terminal Mayoux ( 1999 ) views the consequence of Microfinance on adult females s authorization as a set of reciprocally reenforcing virtuous spirals of increasing economic authorization, improved well-being, and societal and economic authorization. She farther suggests that although the above mentioned three distinguishable paradigms of adult females s authorization in Microfinance come from different theoretical underpinnings they are believed to take to similar virtuous spirals of authorization, both for single adult females and at the family, community and macro degree ( Mayox, 2009 ) . Microfinance and Rural Womans: Procedure of Authorization Savingss and Credit Refund Women s Decision about Savings and Credit Use Women s Microenterprise Increased Status and Changing Roles Women s Decision about Consumption Increased Wellbeing of Women Ability to Negotiate Change in Gender Relations Increased Income Income under Women s Control Women s Networks and Mobility Increased Wellbeing of Children Increased Wellbeing of Men Increased Wage Employment for Women Wider Motions for Social Political Legal Change Economic Authorization Social, Political Legal Empowerment Increased Wellbeing Fiscal Self Sustainability Paradigm Poverty Alleviation Paradigm Feminist Empowerment Paradigm Beginning: Mayoux ( 2002 ) Women s economic authorization is the chief focal point of the fiscal sustainability paradigm. It is assumed that increasing adult females s entree to Microfinance services will in itself lead to single economic authorization through enabling adult females s determinations about nest eggs and recognition usage, enabling adult females to put up Microenterprises, increasing incomes under their control. It is so assumed that this increased economic authorization will take to improved good being of adult females and besides to socio-political authorization. The fiscal sustainability and feminist authorization paradigms accent is more on increasing incomes at the family and the usage of loans for ingestion. Well being betterments are the premier focal point of poorness decrease paradigm. The premise is that increasing adult females s entree to Microfinance will enable adult females to do greater parts to household income and this together with other intercessions to increase family good being will interpret into improved good being for adult females and enable adult females to convey about wider alterations in gender inequality. Women s societal and political authorization is considered to be as a combination of increased economic activity and control over income ensuing from entree to Microfinance is expected to better adult females s accomplishments, mobility, and entree to knowledge and back up webs. This leads farther to heighten position for all adult females within the community and wider alterations in adult females s functions. These alterations are expected to be reinforced by group formation, taking to wider motions for societal and political alteration. The fiscal ego sustainability paradigm and the poorness relief paradigm assume that this societal and political authorization will happen without specific intercessions to alter gender dealingss at the family, community or macro degrees. By contrast, the feminist authorization paradigm advocates expressed schemes for back uping adult females s ability to protect their single and corporate gender involvement at the family, community and macro degree s ( Mayoux, 2006 ) . Methodology The analysis in this survey draws on the primary informations collected during fieldwork in Ihala Koswaththa small town during September 2007 and 2010. The survey is qualitative in nature with informations collected through in depth interviews with single Samurdhi Program donees, little groups, Samurdhi field officers, and Grama Niladhari officer, informal interviews, and observations made by sing beneficiary families, hebdomadal Samurdhi group meetings and monthly meetings of Samurdhi societies during the fieldwork. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling. by choosing information rich instances on the footing of theoretical impregnation, and the interviews of Samurdhi Microfinance clients were conducted with the married center aged hapless adult females in the small town. For the intent of analysing the impact of the Samurdhi Program on adult females s authorization in rural countries, this survey has divided adult females s authorization in to three dimensions economic authorization, increased well-being, and societal and political authorization. These dimensions are based on Mayoux ( twelvemonth? ) . The Samurdhi Program consists of three chief constituents ; the proviso of ingestion grants, the proviso of nest eggs and recognition installations, and community development plans. Although the fiscal services through the Samurdhi Program are provided under the 2nd constituent, the plan frequently mixes public assistance services and fiscal services as all three constituents are operated as built-in support activities. Due to the fact that all the adult females who were involved in this research were Samurdhi public assistance grant receivers, the impact on these adult females s authorization may non merely be attributed to the fiscal services but besides to the other constituent of the plan every bit good. An Overview of the Samurdhi Program Samurdhi, which means prosperity in the local linguistic communication, is a Sri Lankan authorities sponsored national poorness relief plan. The plan has a big per centum of hapless households as members of it Bankss. The plan was launched by an act of parliament in 1995. The act stipulates that the chief maps of the Samurdhi National Program are to better the economic and societal conditions of young person, adult females and disadvantaged groups. The plan achieves this by: broadening chances for income sweetening and employment ; incorporating mark groups into economic and societal development activities ; associating household degree economic activities with community development undertakings at small town, territory, divisional and provincial degrees ; mobilising engagement in the planning and direction of undertakings ; furthering cooperation, advancing nest eggs and helping in obtaining recognition ; easing the bringing of inputs and services of authorities sections, public corporations, local governments, private sector organisations and nongovernmental organisations to donees of the plan, and to implement the plan so formulated and other plans of the authorities poorness relief. ( Glinskaya, 2000 ) Since its origin, Samurdhi has changed from being a simple income transportation strategy to a more comprehensive plan embracing non merely public assistance, but besides banking, nest eggs, insurance, occupation preparation, substructure development and self employment. Institutional and Organizational Structure of the Samurdhi Program Ministry of Nation Building and Estate Infrastructure Development Department of Commissioner General of Samurdhi Samurdhi Authority Sri Lanka National Level District Secretary District Samurdhi Office District Directors Assistant Commissioner Samurdhi District Degree Divisional Secretary Divisional Samurdhi Unit Deputy Director Headquarter Managers Divisional Degree Zonal Directors Zonal Degree Grama Niladhari Divisional Level ( Samurdhi Task Force ) Samurdhi Development Military officers Village Degree Small Groups of Beneficiaries Beginning: Modoran Grashof ( 2009 ) The organisational construction of the Samurdhi plan is complex and extremely hierarchal, traveling from the Grama Niladhari Division level up to the zonal, divisional, territory and national degrees. The plan has three major constituents: proviso of ingestion grant ( nutrient casts ) , proviso of nest eggs and recognition installations, and rehabilitation and development of rural substructure. Financial services are provided through the Banking Finance Division of the Samurdhi Authority that follows a similar hierarchal construction and act as the caput office of Samurdhi Bank Societies or SBSs which carry out the 2nd constituent of nest eggs and recognition plan ( Modoran Grashof, 2009 ) . Samurdhi Bank Societies ( SBSs ) are community based loaning societies. SBSs have a modified small town banking theoretical account where the members of the societies are linked to village Bankss for nest eggs and loans and these Bankss are besides owned by the society members. The theoretical account has centralized direction with authorization and the societal development aims are built in the methodological analysis. SBSs are managed by adult females and group loaning, where merely members or stockholders can borrow, is used. The borrower has to be in a group of five people with the other four members vouching the loan refund. Samurdhi finances its loans merely from the nest eggs and portions in the Samurdhi Bank where savings go a portion of the collateral. Individual Samurdhi Banks are non separate legal entities, but have autonomy within the general guidelines given by the authorities Samurdhi Authority ( Atapattu, 2009 ; Modoran Grashof, 2009 ) . With the emphasize of an enhanced attempt at rural financing the Samurdhi Program has attempted to mobilise voluntary nest eggs among its donees, construct up recognition establishments for the hapless and ease their entree to the formal banking system ( Gunatillake, 2000 ) while supplying other recognition plus services ( Atapattu, 2009 ) . The plan serves the largest figure of Microfinance patronage in the state holding a important outreach to hapless people. However, they are besides the largest supplier of public assistance services, and hence they frequently mix public assistance services and fiscal services in questionable ways such as coercing hapless people having societal public assistance grants to put aside a per centum of the grant in inflexible nest eggs histories ( Duflos et al, 2006 ) . The Context: Ihala Koswaththa Village Ihala Koswaththa is a rural small town situated in Bingiriya Secretariat Division in Kurunegala District falling under the intermediate agro ecological zone that includes both dry and wet agro ecological zones in North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The territory is good served by microfinance organisations and in 2000 had the most widespread coverage by Microfinance establishments among all territories in Sri Lanka ( Gant et al, 2002 ) . The country marked on the map below illustrates the location of Ihala Koswaththa small town, the instance survey location. Beginning: Created by Writer Bingiriya Secretariat Division consists of 50 two small towns in four zones and Ihala Koswaththa is in the Bingiriya zone. The small town is located about two kilometres off from the chief beginning of public transit service, which is non really efficient. Though Ihala Koswaththa is considered as a rural small town it is non every bit isolated as other rural small towns in Sri Lanka. However, the villagers still face considerable market and substructure restraints in bettering their supports. The following table high spots the basic demographic information of Ihala Koswaththa. Table 1: Population of Ihala Koswaththa Village in 2010 Classs Number Population and Households Families Average Number of People per Household Entire Population Work force Womans Population Over Age 18 Samurdhi Welfare Grant Recipient Households Social Security Scheme Beneficiaries Government Pension Recipients Government Employees Defense Force Employees Small and Medium Enterprises 620 4 2,502 1,181 1,321 1,637 111 75 23 29 31 50 Beginning: Created by Author based on fieldwork The small town has a population of 2,502 with 620 households and an mean family size of four people, merely five households had over six members. Ihala Koswaththa is chiefly a Sinhala small town where there were merely two Tamil households and one Muslim household in the small town. Merely a few households have been in Ihala Koswaththa for coevalss with the remainder of the villagers being largely migrators who late settled in the small town. The recent migrators were cultivating small town lands even though they were non the legal proprietors. They subsequently gained ownership of these lands under assorted land statute law plans such as Swarnabhumi, Janabhumi and the Land Reforms Commission ( LRC ) . However, some of the migrators are still without any proper ownership of the lands that they are cultivating. Both work forces and adult females in the small town are preponderantly involved in agricultural and twenty-four hours laborer occupations. Common agricultural harvests include paddy, veggies, coconuts, Anacardium occidentales, betel foliages, and black Piper nigrum. There are besides activities such as retail dress shops and domestic fowl farms are across the small town. Villagers are besides involved in seasonal income bring forthing activities such as coir drying and straining. There are many family issues present in the small town including domestic struggle, individual female parents, and intoxicant maltreatment. These issues lead to a greater duty being topographic points on adult females as income generators. Many adult females from the small town work as amahs in the Middle East and direct remittals back place. Additionally, most of the immature single adult females from hapless households in the small town work for the garment industry. Samurdhi Program and other Microfinance Interventions in Ihala Koswaththa Village As found in Table 1, there are 111 Samurdhi Welfare Grant receiver families among the 620 households in Ihala Koswaththa small town. T he chief constituents of of the Samurdhi Program including public assistance, nest eggs and recognition plans, and community development plans are available in Ihala Koswaththa. Under the community development plans there are several preparation and societal development activities such as adult females s preparation plans, lodging development undertakings, substructure development undertakings, irrigation and agribusiness development activities, a hebdomadal market, the kids s society, plans for the aged, and scholarships for the kids of Samurdhi donees. The Samurdhi Program in based on participatory development rules and hence groups at assorted degrees are created by the plan to mobilise and promote engagement where there are several action groups in each small town. Smalle groups of five are organized to consolidate and develop the member s accomplishments and abilities. The Samurdhi Task Force is another grassroots level organisation comprised of immature work forces and adult females between 18 to 35 old ages old. The undertaking force contributes to supplying the necessary substructure to small towns under the Community Development Project. Advisory councils comprised of intellectuals, seniors, and clergy members of the country provide counsel and advice to these undertaking forces. There are besides divisional and territory degree Samurdhi commissions. Bingiriya Divisional Samurdhi Committee is responsible for the execution of the Samurdhi Program in the Bingiriya Division and hence in Ihala Koswaththa.T divisional secretary A cts of the Apostless as the president of this commission and all public officers and authorities caputs are members. The District Samurdhi is comprised of all the caputs of authorities constitutions located in the Kurunegala territory. Bingiriya Samurdhi Maha Sangam or General Union acts as the divisional degree apex organisation of Samurdhi Program for Ihala Koswaththa. This is set up to cover 10,000 Samurdhi beneficiary households and administered by an executive commission comprised of members selected among the presidents of Samurdhi Societies in Bingiriya Division. In add-on to the Samurdhi Program there are several other Microfinance intercessions available in the small town such as SEEDS ( Sarvodaya Economic Enterprise Development Services ) Agromart Foundation Janasurakum Sanwardhana Samupakara Samithiya Vidhatha Samithiya ( Funded through Bingiriya Divisional Secretariat ) Isuru Development Society ( Operated by Wayamba Development Bank or Regional Development Bank ) Villagers in Ihala Koswaththa besides have entree to the Microfinance services offered by other Microfinance suppliers such as SANASA and Cooperative Rural Banks in nearby small towns. They besides rely on other informal recognition beginnings such as money loaners, neighbours, and friends. The traditional system of Seettu is besides practiced by the adult females in Ihala Koswaththa. This systems enables the adult females to salvage to derive entree to chunk amount of money which otherwise would non be able to get. In 2007, Ihala Koswaththa was selected by the Nation Building and Infrastructure Development Ministry as one of the small towns to implement the Gama Naguma Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project. This undertaking aims to profit Samurdhi receivers island broad. Therefore far the support betterment undertaking has built a library edifice and a undertaking to mend the crushed rock roads and change over them into pitch based roads and concrete tracts has been launched in Ihala Koswaththa. The Samurdhi Program has been chiefly aiming adult females in Ihala Koswaththa for loans. Womans having these loans have become self employment. Harmonizing to Samurdhi field officers, female receivers of Samurdhi in Ihala Koswaththa have been take parting in the Samurdhi selling exhibitions and other assorted trade carnivals. Samurdhi Program and Rural Women s Authorization The basic theory in Microfinance under the fiscal ego sustainability paradigm assumes that increasing adult females s entree to fiscal services empowers them by seting capital in their custodies enabling them to increase their income through self employment and lend financially to their families and communities. This economic authorization is expected to bring forth increased self esteem, regard, and other signifiers of authorization for Microfinance adult females donees ( Cheston Kuhn, 2002, Mayoux, 2002 ) . Most of the adult females interviewed in Ihala Koswaththa small town had obtained loans through the Samurdhi Program by bespeaking in the loan application that they would put in bing income generating activities. This is consistent with the chief aim of the plan, to guarantee recipient engagement in the production procedure by increasing entree to resources for self employment. However, harmonizing to the interviews with recipents the loans were frequently non used for the declared intents. but instead had been used for lodging and household public assistance activities. Mayoux ( 2000 ) points out thatwomen s authorization can non be assumed to be an automatic result of Microfinance plans, unless authorization is an built-in portion of the planning procedure. Microfinance enlargement is improbable to do more than a limited part to empowerment. All of the adult females interviewed in Ihala Koswaththa possessed accomplishments such as weaving baskets, mats, and coconut foliages for thatched roofing, stitching, and doing Sweets. Some adult females had vocational preparation classs such as flower planting and kindergarten learning. Although they had entree to finance through the Samurdhi Program and their accomplishments could hold been utilized for income generating activities, non all of the adult females had an entrepreneurial spirit or were interested in get downing or spread outing their concern. This may hold besides been due to factors such as market and substructure restraints, hazard averseness, deficiency of enabling family environment, and the traditional negative perceptual experience towards liability in Sri Lankan society. Some adult females prefer to work for local industries such as doing incense sticks or lucifer boxes, which are non available in the small town. There were really few exceeding instances of considerable betterment in economic activities through the investing of loans from the Samurdhi Program. The plan is non lending significantly towards the economic authorization of the adult females of Ihala Koswaththa due to the fact that the bulk of adult females did non put their loans in support activities. It is interesting to observe that when it was inquired about how handful figure of their equals had been able to be successful in their self employment with Samurdhi Microfinance services and why the others had non been able to make so, most of these adult females themselves thought that it might hold been due to their deficiency of committedness and hazard averseness. Some adult females were really acute on get downing some little concerns. However, they were non satisfied with the loan sum they received from the Samurdhi Program. They claim that the sum is excessively little to get down a concern. In some instances, they had been able to partly finish their undertakings, such as constructing little stores. However, they were unable to afford get downing their concern because they were worried about taking the hazard of another loan since they had non been able to bring forth any income yet. Refund is required shortly after having the loan, even if they are bring forthing any net income from the new venture. During the interviews with the Samurdhi field staff, it was highlighted that they assess the feasibleness of the loan receivers income bring forthing undertakings by sing them before allowing the loans. Harmonizing to the staff, they monitor the advancement of these undertakings on regular footing. However, the donees said that in most instances, the field staff had non visited them before allowing the loans and did non supervise their advancement unless they had been given a well big amount of money. It was non hard for the receivers to acquire loans by mentioning to their existing undertakings and misdirect the officers. If the receivers made their refunds on clip, the field officers were non concerned with their activities.. There were some instances of non refund of loans reported by the field staff and the group members. All of the adult females who were interviewed managed the loan refunds on clip with the income from their bing support activities, with the aid of their hubbies, or in utmost instances with uninterrupted loans from neighbours and money loaners. This was despite the fact that they had non invested the loan into income generating activities. Although the Samurdhi Program re

Hawthornes Symbolism in The House of Seven Gables Essays

Hawthornes Symbolism in The House of Seven Gables Essays Hawthornes Symbolism in The House of Seven Gables American Literature reflects life, and the struggles that we face during our existence. The great authors of our time incorporate lifes problems into their literature directly and indirectly. The stories themselves bluntly tell us a story, however, an author also uses symbols to relay to us his message in a more subtle manner. In Nathaniel Hawthornes book The House of Seven Gables symbolism is eloquently used to enhance the story being told, by giving us a deeper insight into the authors intentions in writing the story. The book begins by describing the most obvious symbol of the house itself. The house itself takes on human like characteristics as it is being described by Hawthorne in the opening chapters. The house is described as "breathing through the spiracles of one great chimney"(Hawthorne 7). Hawthorne uses descriptive lines like this to turn the house into a symbol of the lives that have passed through its halls. The house takes on a persona of a living creature that exists and influences the lives of everybody who enters through its doors. (Colacurcio 113) "So much of mankinds varied experience had passed there - so much had been suffered, and something, too, enjoyed - that the very timbers were oozy, as with the moisture of a heart." (Hawthorne 27). Hawthorne turns the house into a symbol of the collection of all the hearts that were darkened by the house. "It was itself like a great human heart, with a life of its own, and full of rich and somber reminiscences" (Hawthorne 27). Evert Augustus Duyckinck agrees that "The chief perhaps, of the dramatis personae, is the house itself. From its turrets to its kitchen, in every nook and recess without and within, it is alive and vital." (Hawthorne 352) Duyckinck feels that the house is meant to be used as a symbol of an actual character, "Truly it is an actor in the scene"(Hawthorne 352). This turns the house into an interesting, but still depressing place that darkens the book in many ways. Hawthorne means for the houses gloomy atmosphere to symbolize many things in his book. The house also is used to symbolize a prison that has darkened the lives of its inmates forever. The house is a prison because it prevents its inhabitants form truly enjoying any freedom. The inhabitants try to escape from their incarceration twice. Initially, as Phoebe and Clifford watch the parade of life in the street, Clifford "realizes his state of isolation from the one broad mass of existence-one great life, - one collected body of mankind, and he cannot resist the actual physical attempt to plunge down into the surging stream of human sympathy" (Rountree 101). Dillingham believes that "Hawthorne clearly describes Cliffords great need to become reunited with the world and hints that this reunion can be accomplished only by death" (Rountree 101). However, Clifford inevitably fails to win his freedom, and he returns to the solace of his prison house. Clifford and Hepzibah attempt once more to escape their captive prison, but the house has jaded them too much already (Rountree 102). This is apparent when Hepzibah and her brother made themselves ready- as ready as they could, in the best of their old-fashion garments, which had hung on pegs, or been laid away in trunks, so long that the dampness and mouldy smell of the past was on them - made themselves ready, in their faded bettermost, to go to church. They descended the staircase together, pulled open the front door, and stept across the threshold, and felt, both of them, as if they were standing in the presence of the whole world Their hearts quaked within them, at the idea of taking one step further. (Hawthorne 169) Hepzibah and Clifford are completely cut off from the outside world. They are like prisoners who after being jailed for decades return to find a world they do not know.(Rountree 101). Clifford is deeply saddened when he says, " We are ghosts! We have no right among human beings - no right anywhere, but in this old house"(Hawthorne 169). The house has imprisoned their souls and trapped their lives. Hence, the house symbolizes a prison for its inhabitants. The house also symbolizes the history of the of Pyncheon family dating back to the original Colonel Pyncheon who had been cursed by Matthew Maule for the evil way in which the Colonel obtained the land for the house. The house has collected memories upon memories of the people who have lived there, beginning

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article Analysis - Essay Example The research question was answered by conducting a research study using tactile prompt and self-monitoring interventions to third and fifth graders with severe behavioural problems who were diagnosed with either emotional handicap, language impairment, Asperger syndrome, and educable mentally handicap who need a strong behavioural support. While managing the group of students, the behaviours of three instructional assistants were recorded. Upon applying the treatment package which includes the prompting, self-monitoring and accuracy feedback to the 1st dependent variable – managing disruptions. As soon as student response was sable, the prompting component of intervention was removed from the study observation. Eventually, Fisher (2006) compared the results with the baseline wherein the data was gathered under normal classroom condition prior to the research interventions. applied to the 2nd dependent variable – bonus-point delivery. As soon as the bonus-point delivery was consistent to the main goal of the study, the prompting component was removed followed by applying the final response known as ‘prompting appropriate behavior’. Although very little to no improvements was noticed during the first training session in the case of Fran, Kelly, and Nicole. Although the application of self-monitoring and accuracy feedback methods was not enough to maintain Nicole and Kelly’s behaviour change during the bonus-point delivery, the research findings revealed the application of the treatment package which includes the prompting, self-monitoring and accuracy feedback is effective in terms of increasing the levels of managing the students’ disruptive behaviour in class, prompting appropriate student behaviour, and bonus-point delivery from close to zero to a consistently high rates. In line with this, the use of vibrating pagers should be removed since the presence of wearing the pager could significantly affect the

Preparing Students for Work and Prior Learning Assignment

Preparing Students for Work and Prior Learning - Assignment Example The research analyzes the necessity for schools and universities to change the way of teaching in order to prepare their students for their future careers and supply them with a set of necessary skills. The works indicates two polar views on the educational system: one is negative, the other one is positive. The author claims changes should be done at all levels of education. Schools need to prepare students broadly for work and provide work experience opportunities. They should ensure that their employment engagement interventions offer career advice to the students. The writer also describes the program called The Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (PLAR). It refers to evaluating informal learning that has occurred outside formal academic environment. This learning process assists individuals to identify what they already know and what they need to know in order to achieve whatever they desire. In conclusion the author states Universities need to take into account prior lear ning to enable students to enhance their image, and increase students’ placement in programs. PLAR promotes individuals’ self-esteem as it recognizes their previous learning accomplishment. Prior learning also validates appropriate learning and important skills acquired through life or work experience. Applicants for PLAR need to provide evidence by providing appropriate certificates, resume, and references from employers to prove that they have indeed acquired the necessary skills and knowledge. PLAR has proved to be an important initiative in education system.

Natural Catastrophes Caused by Plate Tectonics Essay

Natural Catastrophes Caused by Plate Tectonics - Essay Example Another proof of the theory is that coal deposits usually associated with tropical areas are also found near the North Pole, and that signs of glaciations are evident in the plains of Africa. A third proof is the presence of fossils of exactly the same species during the prehistoric times are located on the earth in the spots where one would find them if the Continental Drift Theory were true. (Sant, 2010) Wegener’s explanation for the Continental Drift Theory is the â€Å"centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the earth† and â€Å"the ‘tidal argument’ based on the tidal attraction of the sun and the moon† (Sant, 2010). In short, Wegener hypothesized that either or both the rotation of the earth and the pull of the tides caused the continents to drift. However, he did not have any explanation for how exactly the continents were able to move. He met with opposition from fellow scientists who said that the centrifugal and tidal forces were too wea k to to move continents (â€Å"Alfred Wegener,† 2011). However, the reasons for the opposition were perhaps because there was a great anti-German bias in the 1910’s and that his work was discredited because his training was more on astronomy and not geology. (Sant, 2010) Theory of Plate Tectonics (Theory, Evidence) The Plate Tectonics Theory originated in 1915 as an answer to the weaknesses of the Continental Drift Theory (Glasscoe, 1998). However, by the 1960’s, the theory has been widely accepted by scientists. The one principle on which the Plate Tectonics Theory lies is that â€Å"both continents and ocean floor form solid plates, which ‘float’ on the asthenosphere [and thus move]† (â€Å"Alfred Wegener,† 2011). The asthenosphere is the molten, viscous liquid rock on which the plates move and is the one causing all the movements of both seafloor and continent. (â€Å"Alfred Wegener,† 2011) Evidence for the Plate Tectonics Th eory include fossils of similar species found in continents that have now separated as well as evidence provided by paleoclimate studies which reveal signs of glacier formation in parts of the world that are now geographically separated (Glasscoe, 1998). Another evidence is the age of the crust. In Plate Tectonics Theory, â€Å"the farther away you travel from a ridge, the older the crust is, and the older the sediments on top of the crust are† (â€Å"Alfred Wegener,† 2011). This is one fact that the Continental Drift Theory was not able to account for. If all land masses separated from Pangaea, then the land must be as old as each other, but how come the ages of these land masses are different from each other? (â€Å"Tectonic Plates,† 2011). Thus, the Plate Tectonics Theory is more plausible than the Continental Drift Theory. Characteristics of Tectonic Plate Boundaries (Divergent Boundaries, Convergent, Transform Fault Boundaries, Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Mount ain Building) Based on the Plate Tectonics Theory, plates are created through â€Å"rifting† or the separation of a continental crust leading to the formation of a â€Å"diverging plate boundary.† The formation of the divergent plate boundary occurs in four steps. First, the rift valley begins to expand from the pressure coming from the asthenosphere. Second, two continental plates result from the continuous expansion of the rift valley with the molten rock continually pushing the crust apart. Third, water collects in the middle forming a sea. Fourth, the

How Do people make economic decisions Essay Example for Free

How Do people make economic decisions Essay The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how decision-making affects the economy and people. It is obvious that free markets perform much better than communist markets. The decision making principals, according to this there are four decision making principals. In the first principal people will trade off, they will give something up for another thing they want. Making decisions means people will have to trade one goal for another. The second decision is giving up something when they already had one thing. People make trade off according to the economy. People have wants and needs therefore they need to choose carefully how to spend their income and resources. Choosing and item will benefit and cost, it will also mean that the person will not have the benefit of the item he or she gave up. Third the margin is thought of in this step. When considering the margin people will take into consideration the marginal benefit and only then if it exceeds the marginal cost. Last, people will react to incentives. People will react to price and benefits associated with their decision. My example of purchasing my first home was based on marginal cost and marginal benefit. I was renting an apartment in California and rents seem to be going up because the economy going down. People were losing their homes due to foreclosure and had to live somewhere. House prices were going down and rents going up, there was no telling when they were going to stop. I did the math and figured my mortgage would be the same if not lower with some money down. The marginal cost would be greater up front in the form of cost associated with purchasing a home. However, my marginal benefit in the long term would be even greater. Therefore, if rent was cheaper now, I would have to pay more the longer I stay in that apartment. The marginal benefit to purchasing a home would be the same for the following 30 years. The only incentive that would have led me to make a different decision is if they guaranteed my rent for the next 30 years. The economics related to the decision making and the working of the economy can be demonstrated by me purchasing a tool for my job. When I purchase tools I get the benefit of making money based on my ability to fix the customers gas turbines. The economy benefits the store where I purchase the tool makes money. When I fix a gas turbine it allows the customer to pump and produce millions a dollars a day, and they sell the product and make money, in turn they sell the gas to customers which, get to work and make money. A market economy is a type of economic system in which the trading and exchange of goods, services and information takes place in a free market (Market Economy, 2010). These types of markets are governed by supply and demand. A centrally planned economy like Cuba and North Korea decision are made by the government. Mixed economies rely in the state and the private sector to make decisions on the market economy and economic system. In a free market people purchase and sell services and goods. In this type of market people are free to interact. In a communist economy, such as Cuba and North Korea the government decides what needs to be produced and where to work. Decision can be based on marginal cost or marginal benefit; there is no doubt that they are a huge part of the consumer’s decisions to purchase goods. Whether it is the cost of buying a home or just a simple meal people will always weigh the cost of goods.

war in iraq Essay -- essays research papers

George W. Bush is asking Congress for $80 billion more for the failed Iraq war. Congress is gearing up to pour more money to "stay the course" of the past two tragic years. Tell your Member of Congress that not one more dime should go to waging war in Iraq. Instead, the U.S. must end the occupation, bring our troops home, and support Iraqi sovereignty. Many good-intentioned people in the United States say we can't withdraw our troops now and abandon Iraqis to chaos and disorder. Yet the U.S. presence on the streets of Iraq is fueling animosity, motivating the armed resistance, and sealing the fate for failed democracy in Iraq. Every extra day and dime the U.S. spends on its reckless course in Iraq deepens the suffering in Iraq and at home. The President's fourth "supplemental" spending request for the Iraq war will add $80 billion to the more than $151 billion already appropriated. It is time for us to demand that the Administration and Congress stop perpetuating the cycle of violence in Iraq, stop sending so many soldiers and civilians to their graves, and stop diverting precious resources that could be used to rebuild Iraq and fund critical domestic needs 110 of these organizations have banded together to form U.S. Labor Against the War (USLAW), a national organization committed to ending the war, returning the troops, restoring funding to social programs and government services, and changing the direction of U.S. foreign policy. (A list of USLAW affiliates is posted at the USLAW website at http://uslaboragainstwar.org.) Union members and their family members are being killed, wounded, disabled and psychologically traumatized in a war that has already killed almost 1500 U.S. military personnel, wounded more than 10,500 others, a war in which more than 100,000 Iraqi civilians have died. This war is siphoning resources from our communities, starving or eliminating essential public services and social programs, eroding our democratic rights, and making our country even less secure. It is time for labor to speak out! At this time of discussion about renewing our labor movement, how can we not discuss the most urgent issue facing American and its working families? We ask you to put the issue of the war on the agenda of the up-coming Executive Council meeting. And we urge the national leadership of the AFL-CIO to oppose this reckless, i... ... the US to more than $200 billion through 2005. One obvious question when considering costs is why the government has to ask for supplemental appropriates in the first place. Why can't it be put in the annual budget request? According to Chris Preble, director of foreign-policy studies at the Cato Institute in Washington, DC, "There is one good argument for not using Iraq costs for not being in the annual military budget. That is the risk you build in tens or hundreds of billions of dollars that are not applied to Iraq, but applied to somewhere else. However, that concern is completely overwhelmed by the fact that funding for war by supplements really seems to be intended to conceal some of the costs, and to present costs to Congress to be a fait accompli. Congress can't vote against such things without being accused of undermining troops in the field." According to Chris Hellman, military-policy analyst at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation in Washington, DC, "It seems to me you have to ask the fundamental question. I believe if the president went to Congress and said we are going to put it in the top line and we need to fund it, Congress would say